Pengembangan Buku Biologi SMK Kelas X Materi Keanekaragaman Hayati Berbasis STEM-PjBL

Abstract

This study aims to develop a biology textbook for vocational high school (SMK) grade X on biodiversity topics, based on the integration of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) with the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model. The research is motivated by the fact that biology learning in many vocational schools still relies on conventional methods focused on memorization, resulting in students being less active, creative, and unable to connect theoretical concepts with real-world applications. Therefore, the development of contextual and innovative teaching materials is expected to enhance student motivation, engagement, and critical thinking skills. The research employed the Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Thiagarajan 4D model, consisting of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. Data collection instruments included expert validation questionnaires from subject matter and media experts using a Likert scale. The validation results indicated a feasibility score of 85% for content (valid category) and 91.8% for media (very valid category). The developed textbook was designed based on the 2013 curriculum, incorporating biodiversity concepts, project activities, assessment rubrics, and the integration of STEM components. The final product, a STEM-PjBL–based biology textbook, was found to be feasible for use in the teaching and learning process. It effectively bridges theory and practice, improves students’ scientific literacy and motivation, and fosters 21st-century skills, particularly critical, creative, collaborative, and communicative abilities. This study is expected to serve as a reference for vocational biology teachers in developing contextual teaching materials and contribute to improving the quality of biology education in line with the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. Keywords:Textbook, Biology, STEM, Project-Based Learning, Biodiversity